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Traditional medicine systems worldwide have used foods and herbs for centuries to improve libido and sexual function. These foods are often referred to as aphrodisiacs.
Although scientific evidence supporting the use of foods as aphrodisiacs is limited, some studies suggest that certain foods have the potential to enhance sexual desire.
This article explores scientific research supporting natural aphrodisiac foods and beverages and those based on anecdotal reports.
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What Does Aphrodisiac Mean?
An aphrodisiac is any food or substance that increases sexual desire, arousal, behavior, performance, or pleasure.
Potentially Powerful Aphrodisiac Foods
Some foods have scientific evidence supporting their use as potential aphrodisiacs.
Ginseng
Ginseng is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat sexual dysfunction and increase sexual desire. Several randomized control trials show improvements in erectile function with ginseng.
One study on postmenopausal women, ages 45 to 60, noted significant improvements in sexual function, quality of life, and menopausal symptoms after taking ginseng. The participants were given 500 milligrams (mg) of ginseng twice daily for four weeks.
Although studies have not reported any significant adverse effects from using the herb, it is possible to experience some mild side effects, which include:
Saffron
A review of five studies found that saffron (a reddish-orange spice commonly used in many cuisines around the world) affects sex drive and sexual function positively in both men and women. Most of the studies in the review gave participants 30 milligrams daily for four weeks.
Other clinical trials suggest the spice may help improve satiety, depression, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms.
Maca
Maca (Peruvian ginseng) is a root vegetable that improves fertility and boosts sex drive. It is closely related to turnips, cabbage, and watercress and has a radish-like appearance.
One study found that maca reduced the loss of sexual desire frequently occurring with antidepressants. Several other studies suggest that maca may boost sexual function. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Tribulus
Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) is an herb widely used to treat various illnesses. It's commonly taken in supplement form to boost testosterone levels and libido in men and women.
While some studies show tribulus may boost testosterone levels in animals, current evidence suggests it is ineffective for increasing testosterone levels in humans. However, some studies indicate the herb may help boost libido in men and women.
Apples
Research discovered that young women who regularly consumed apples reported increased lubrication and pleasure during sexual activity. Experts believe these effects may be caused by a phytoestrogen called phloridzin, which is believed to improve arousal, lubrication, and sexual function.
Additionally, apples are rich in antioxidants and polyphenols, which may help increase blood flow to the genitalia, helping with sexual arousal.
Garlic
Garlic is rich in allicin, a compound that can enhance blood flow throughout the body, potentially leading to improved blood flow to the sexual organs.
It may also help promote male fertility. A review of 18 studies found that garlic helped increase sperm production and testosterone levels. Researchers believe this may be due to its antioxidant properties.
Pomegranates
Pomegranates have long been regarded as a symbol of love in Mediterranean cultures. A study found that pomegranate extract, which is rich in antioxidants that increase blood flow, led to a significant increase in the sexual activity of male rats. However, more research is needed.
More Aphrodisiac Foods and Beverages (Across the Globe)
Although these foods are traditionally believed to have aphrodisiac properties, further studies are needed to support their use.
Damiana
Damiana is a wild shrub used for centuries to improve libido and sexual satisfaction. Damiana extracts mixed with tequila have been traditionally considered love potions.
Evidence supporting its effectiveness as an aphrodisiac is limited. Most studies on damiana for libido have been conducted on rats, making it difficult to determine its efficacy in humans. However, damiana is rich in flavonoids, which are associated with a reduced risk of erectile dysfunction.
Chocolate
Although chocolate is often associated with romance and love, no solid scientific evidence supports a direct connection between chocolate and increased sexual desire.
One study noted that women who frequently consumed chocolate reported higher levels of sexual desire. Researchers believe this may be due to compounds found in chocolate that increase the production of serotonin and dopamine, chemicals in the brain linked to pleasure and reward.
Oysters
Oysters have long been used to increase libido, but solid scientific evidence is lacking to support their use as an aphrodisiac. However, oysters are one of the richest sources of zinc, essential for healthy testosterone levels and sperm production.
Red Wine and Alcohol
One study revealed that women who drink moderate amounts of wine tend to have better sexual function than those who do not drink and those who drink more than two glasses of wine or other types of alcoholic beverages daily.
Heavy alcohol use, however, is associated with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction. It is also linked to several health problems, including liver damage, high blood pressure, and stroke.
Strawberries
There is no solid scientific evidence linking strawberries to improved sexual function. However, it is worth noting that strawberries are rich in flavonoids, which may decrease the risk of erectile dysfunction.
Chili Peppers
Chili peppers contain capsaicin, which is thought to boost your libido. While one study found that capsaicin improved sexual behavior in rats, no research on humans supports this claim.
Figs
Figs have a long history of use as an aphrodisiac, partly due to their appearance and flavor. However, no studies look at the libido-boosting effects of figs in humans.
Do Certain Foods Support Women’s Health?
A well-balanced diet can help prevent or manage health problems that affect women. Studies suggest that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (high in antioxidants and low in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates) is associated with better sexual function in women and men.
Women have unique nutritional needs that change during different stages of their lives. While women generally require fewer calories than men, they require higher amounts of specific vitamins and minerals during pregnancy and after menopause.
Adequate calcium, iron, and folic acid intake are important for women's health. Foods rich in these nutrients include:
- Calcium (dairy products, fortified orange juice, plant-based milk, canned salmon, tofu)
- Iron (red meat, pork, poultry, seafood, beans, fortified cereals, dark leafy greens)
- Folic acid (dark, leafy greens, oranges, legumes, peas, and whole grains)
Male/Female Identity Language
Men and women have different nutritional needs based on sex-specific differences. For those who have not undergone a medical transition, it is recommended to use a person's sex assigned at birth to determine their dietary requirements accurately.
How About Men’s Health?
Like women, men should aim for a well-balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods to support their overall health and wellness.
Evidence shows that men consuming more lycopene are at a lower risk of prostate cancer. Foods rich in lycopene include tomatoes, apricots, watermelon, and pink grapefruit.
Men have higher zinc needs than women, except for pregnant or lactating women. Zinc is important for men's health as it supports testosterone, prostate, and sexual health.
Summary
Aphrodisiacs are foods or substances believed to increase sexual desire. While scientific evidence to support using many of these foods and beverages is limited, some studies suggest that ginseng, saffron, maca, tribulus, apples, and pomegranates may help enhance sexual function.
Foods like chocolate and oysters are believed to be aphrodisiacs based on anecdotal evidence and lack solid scientific support. While it's unlikely that these foods alone will cure sexual dysfunction, they can be incorporated into healthy dietary patterns to improve your health.
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14 Tasty Aphrodisiac Food and Drink Ideas - Verywell Health
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